Employers often face a quandary in dealing with underperformers, and whether to place them onto a performance management program.
It’s essential that any such move can always be considered to be ‘reasonable management action’ in response to inappropriate behaviours or inadequate or unsatisfactory performance, and not simply a way of bullying an employee.
Let’s take a look at the difference between performance management and bullying, and how employers can make sure they are not crossing the line.
what is performance management?
At some point, every employer will need to manage an underperforming staff member. In practice, this means taking steps to deal with poor conduct, including:
- Non-compliance with policies/procedures and other workplace requirements
- Inappropriate, disruptive or generally bad behaviour
- Unsatisfactory performance of work tasks
The necessary steps may range from informal performance management, where the inappropriate or unsatisfactory behaviour is brought to the staff member’s attention, through to a more formal process such as the implementation of a performance improvement plan.
is it reasonable management action or is it bullying?
Employers are not prohibited from dealing with staff that they consider are underperforming. However, care needs to be taken to avoid bullying a staff member, within the meaning of s789FD (1) of the Fair Work Act 2009 (Cth).
That legislation defines bullying as a situation where ‘an individual… or group of individuals… repeatedly behaves unreasonably towards the worker, or a group of workers of which the worker is a member, and… that behaviour creates a risk to health and safety‘.
The same legislation explicitly excludes ‘reasonable management action carried out in a reasonable manner‘ from the bullying definition.
But what is reasonable management action? Although not an exhaustive list, the following situations constitute appropriate management action within the meaning of the legislation:
- Scheduling regular meetings to discuss ongoing performance issues
- Disciplinary an employee for identified misconduct
- Undertaking an investigation into a complaint
- Modifying a worker’s duties as required by operational reasons or the employee’s health.
When making an objective assessment of the reasonableness of the management action, it is important to consider what caused the action, what circumstances were in train while the action was taken, and what occurred as a result.
It is also important to note that there is no ‘retrospective gold standard’. Just because an employer may, in hindsight, have been able to improve on the way they undertook the action, does not necessarily mean that it was not appropriate reasonable action at the time.
Moreover, although the staff member’s perception of a negative management action is likely to tend towards it being unreasonable, the standard is objectiveness and this is not determined by one or a group of employees’ views.
lesson from real-world cases
Unsurprisingly, the question of what constitutes reasonable management action is one which is frequently litigated in court.
In the decision of Commonwealth Bank of Australia v Reeve [2012] FCAFC 21, it was determined that a manager’s day-to-day instructions were not enough to constitute ‘management action’.
In National Australia Bank Limited v KRDV [2012] FCA 543, the court considered that although the employee was spoken to about her performance in both a formal Action Operation Management meeting and in a ‘casual chat’, the two meetings were not sufficiently clear as performance-related discussions to constitute reasonable management action.
how to ensure compliance with reasonable management action
Practical tips for compliance include:
- Ensuring that formal and documented performance management processes occur at all relevant times, and avoiding informal or impromptu ‘chats’ on performance
- Reviewing policies and procedures regularly, in relation to bullying and also appropriate disciplinary action
- Advising managers to always provide clear and direct instructions, which cannot be seen as ambiguous
- Documenting and providing formal written warnings when inappropriate behaviour is called out, to demonstrate that management involvement has been required.
Performance management is part of maintaining a successful business. However, if you receive complaints regarding your performance management approach, and want to ensure that you are complying with best practice and acting in a fair and reasonable manner, contact WISE for assistance and advice today.